For example in my old school the current system under trial ( a trial which I personally sponsor) allows one to build up points for good work and conduct, but as you accumulate points towards a substantial prize, negative behavior loses you a percentage of the benefits accumulated, so you can if you use deferred gratification , lose a large number of points for fairly trivial misdemeanor. This is seen as a effective with well motivated students, but has a whole series of limitations which we can explore later.
Academic punishments. These I would define as any which involve deliberate loss of teaching time , refusal to allow class attendance, or exclusion. It includes ISS and OSS.