The rodded is more severe than the spray birch which does its work by pricking the skin rather than by the weight of the rods on contact. The strap and ferula depend on solid contact and, depending on the length, thickness and stiffness of the leather, can deliver a mighty sting. The effort and efficiency placed behind each stroke when using any form of implement is also going to contribute to the end result. Golfers and tennis players were often believed to have developed the ideal wrist action. In the end, in general, England went for the cane and Scotland for the tawse. Both have their merits.

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