My Grandmother seethed with anger when she recalled being struck with a ruler (hand) at her school.
Many European countries had banned CP before WWII, and some before WWI, because their phycologists (damn, I really need an any-application spell-checker) had discovered this ‘trauma’ effect.
I mean, think about this for a second. If you are a parent, and discipline your kids in any way, would you really want them breaking into a cold sweat at the thought of punishment, or its use on their siblings, throughout the rest of their adult lives.