I can, to set the ball rolling, give reference to the classic book Tom Brown’s Schooldays by Thomas Hughes, written and published in 1857, but generally held to depict Rugby School in the days Hughes had attended it between 1834 and 1842 (and including as Headmaster, Doctor Thomas Arnold who held that role from 1828-1841). The oldest text I have found includes numerous references to the cane but I have never been able to confirm that that was not altered from references in the earliest editions. If it was not, it is interesting, given that these references would come from the very beginning of the reign of Queen Victoria.

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