Card-playing and gambling in general reached the same point as smoking: we can see that they happened because they were the subject of jokes, and yet officially boys were punished for indulging. In 1961 a boy was caned for crimes including gambling.”

“Healey’s impetus at first was to asset control rather than to tackle revolt, for the revolt was still small. The disciplinary views of Scotch’s leading boys were conservative. In 1960 Satura told boys there were subject to discipline not just at school but everywhere except in their own homes, whether or not they were in uniform. The Public School Head Prefects claimed control over their boys’ smoking or drinking even when at private parties.