There were schools in which it was a first resort as you say (and in my early days as a teacher, to my subsequent regret, that’s how I used it), but there were also schoolos where it was a last resort and there were lot of schools in between. A great many people seem to come to the conclusion that their school experiences represented the ‘norm’. If they went to a school where corporal punishment was used rarely, they seem to believe that’s how it was in all schools. If they went to one where it was common, they seem to believe that’s how it was in all schools. It’s a phenomena that plagues attempts to study how schools were and how they’ve changed.

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